Chemical nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ Aratasaurus dompe so hu heme a ɛwɔ hɔ, organic compound a ɛma haemoglobin a ɛwɔ mogya mu tumi soa oxygen kɔ nipadua nyinaa mu
Ebetumi aba sɛ efi Jurassic Park de bɔbɔdwa no mu: nyansahufo a wɔrehwehwɛ dinosaur nnompe dedaw mu hu nea ɛte sɛ mogya mu nkokwaa kɔkɔɔ a adan abo, ne molekyul a ɛma aboa no mogya nya ne kɔkɔɔ ahosu soronko no akyi akɔkɔɛ.
Nanso saa na nhwehwɛmufo no ka sɛ wɔahu bere a wɔhwɛɛ dinosaur ketewa bi a ɔwe nam a wɔfrɛ no Aratasaurus a ɔtenaa ase na owui wɔ beae a seesei yɛ Brazil atifi-apuei fam mfe ɔpepem ɔha ne dunum (115m) a atwam no ne nan akyi dompe no.
Electron microscope mfonini a wɔtwa fii dinosaur nnompe no mu daa nneɛma nketewa a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa a ɛte sɛ mogya bɔde kɔkɔɔ adi wɔ akwantempɔn ketewaa bi a mogya ntin faa so dadaw mu, bere a nnuru nhwehwɛmu daa heme a ɛwɔ hɔ adi, ɔdɔyɛfo bɔde a ɛma haemoglobin a ɛwɔ mogya mu tumi soa mframa fa nipadua no nyinaa mu.
Saa nsɛm no yɛ akyinnyegye efisɛ abɔde mu nneɛma ne molekul no tumi sɛe ntɛm ara, na ɛmma wogyaw agyapade kakra anaa biara wɔ tete mmoafusuo mu. Nanso sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ mu den a, ɛbɛbue akwan a ɛyɛ foforɔ koraa ma nyansahufo, na ama wɔatumi ahwehwɛ dinosaur mogya, sɛnea ne nipadua yɛ nneɛma, ne ne dwumadie dodoɔ mpo ho.
“Yɛrehunu mmerɛ ne mmoawa ho nsɛm a ɛyɛ dinosaur no ne nkwa mu nneɛma a ɛwɔ hɔ fi mfiase,” sɛɛ Prof Kliti Grice a ɔwɔ Curtin University wɔ Western Australia a ɔdii nhwehwɛmu kuw no anim no kae. “Mogya mu nkoaa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a wɔayɛ no fossil a ɛwɔ chemistry soronko a ɛfa heme ho no, wonhuu bi da wɔ fossil biara mu wɔ ne baabi, na dinosaur nso. Eyi ne nea edi kan wɔ wiase nyinaa.”
Aratasaurus no nkwa a ɛkae a ɛadane abo no, wohuu no wɔ obub pɛwbea bi mu wɔ afe 2008 mu, na efi saa bere no wɔde asie wɔ Brazil Amanaman Tete Nneɛma Adekorabea no mu, baabi a nhwehwɛmufo kɔ so sua ho ade. Bere a na Grice resusuw dinosaur no akyi nan nnompe no ho no, ohuu nsiesiei a ɛte sɛ mogya nsateaa kɔkɔɔ no.
Nnwuma a saiɛnsifoɔ no susu sɛ wɔrehwɛ mogya cells kɔkɔɔ no mu hyɛɛ den berɛ a nnuurosɛm nhwehwɛmu nyaa positive wɔ heme ne nneɛma a ɛfiri mu ba ho. Nhwehwɛmu no nso hunuu amino acid building blocks a ɛyɛ collagen, protein titiriw a ɛwɔ nneɛma a ɛka wɔn ho bom ne nneɛma foforɔ mu no.
Sɛ nhyehyɛe no yɛ mogya aa afa nsaso mu ampa, sɛ nhwehwɛfoɔ no kyerɛ no, a ɛma asɛmmisa a ɛne sɛ ɛkwan bɛn so na wɔkoraa mu. Sɛnea Grice kyerɛ no, manganese adeɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no hausmannite, a ɛnyaa nyinae wɔ mogya nseneɛ no mu ne ho nyinaa, ebia ɛboaa ɛdeɛ no denam sɛ ɛmaa no gyinaa yie ansa na afa nsaso mu. Ɔde kaa ho sɛ ɛnyɛ koro no ara bɛtumi aboa ama wɔakora amino acids no so. Nhwehwɛmu no ba Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences mu.
Adwuma no reti akyinnyegye dada. Prof Mary Schweitzer a ɔwɔ North Carolina State University wɔ US, a wahu mogya ntini ne honam nnↄ nkaeↄ wↄ dinosaur mmↄdↄↄ mu, nnye nni sɛ Grice ne ne mfɛfoↄ ahu mogya mmↄↄdↄↄ kↄↄ. Nea enti a ↄkↄ akyinnyegye no mu bi ne sɛ dinosaur no mogya mmↄↄdↄↄ kↄↄ no ɛsɛ sɛ ɛwↄ “nuclear bulge” a ɛma ɛbↄ afã abien nyinaa te sɛ dome. Nea Grice huiↄ no, ɛmu afã nnmu, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia ɛyɛ biribi fofor.
Schweitzer nyaa gyidie kɛseɛ wɔ heme ne collagen amino acids a wohunuu wɔ dompe no mu no ho, na ɔkaa sɛ nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a yɛbɛtumi asua afiri fossil a wɔakora so yie no mu. Schweitzer de kaa ho sɛ: “Adwene a atwa nkyɛmuu wɔ palaeontology mu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ endogenous organics nyinaa bɛyera wɔ mfeɛ ɔpepem baako anaa deɛ ɛsua sene saa mu no, wɔresan ahwɛ no berɛ biara, na wɔbɛkɔ so ayɛ saa ɛberɛ a wɔde mfiridwuma akwan a wɔde di dwuma wɔ palaeontological specimens so no bɛdi dwuma daa.”
Asɛmmisa foforɔ a nhwehwɛmu no de ba ne nkwa mu nneɛma foforɔ bɛn na ebia ɛhyɛ fossils aboaboaano ahorow mu wɔ wiase afanan nyinaa. Wɔ eyi ho no, Grice tu fo kɛse sɛ wɔnhwɛ yiye, na ɔde ka ho sɛ nʼadwuma no nkyerɛ sɛ nkwa mu nneɛma akɛse te sɛ protein anaa DNA tena ase wɔ tete fossils mu. “Asɛm biara a ɛyɛ nwonwa hia nhwehwɛmu adanse a ɛyɛ nwonwa,” ɔkae. “Botae no nnyɛ sɛ yɛbɛhwehwɛ Jurassic Park DNA, ɛyɛ sɛ yɛbɛhwehwɛ sɛnea molecular nkɔmmɔdi a ɛyɛ nokware a bere a akyɛ no tumi kora so.”
“Deɛ ɛyɛ anigye ankasa ne sɛ nsɛm a ɛfa mmoawa mu nneɛma ho a ɛyɛ nwonwa no bi tumi wɔ museum nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano wɔ wiase afanan, retwɛn sɛ yɛbɛbisa nsɛm foforɔ afa tete nneɛma a ɛda fam ho,” ɔde kaa ho.
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