Akuafoɔ a wɔwɔ Gurez no sie wɔn nnɔbae wɔ asase ase sɛnea ɛbɛtumi akɔ kosi Himalaya awɔw berɛ no mu. Bere a saa adeyɛ yi reyera no, mpɔtam hɔ nnɔbae ahorow ne nimdeɛ a wɔde maa yɛn no nso reyera.
Hajra Begum di aburo (potato) no mu wɔ ne nsa mu, hwɛ ne honam ani sɛ apaapae, baabi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ne nneɛma a ɛkyerɛ sɛ aporɔw. Bere a wawie da koro twa afifide wɔ n'abusua afuw a ɛwɔ Chorwan, mmepɔw so akuraa bi a ɛware wɔ Gurez, Kashmir a India di so, no, ɔreyɛ aduan no mu nhyehyɛe ama awɔw bere sie. Aburo no bi bɛma n'abusua adidi wɔ awɔw asram no mu; wɔbɛkora ebi so na wɔadua wɔ osutɔ bere mu.
“Ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ pɛ ma adua,” ɔka. “Sɛ wokora aborɔdɔma bɔne a, wobɛsɛe afe a ɛdi so no nyinaa.”
Begum, a wɔ mfeɛ 40, resia potatoes no sɛ ɔde bɛto khraw bi mu, ɛyɛ amammerɛ mu asase ase storaa amena a wɔde sare asra mu na wɔaka mu pintinn de agye bɔ bono no ho ban. Awoɔ ntoatoasoɔ pii mu no, khraw no akora potatoes, turnips ne cabbage so akɔsi Himalaya awɔberɛ no mu, ɛberɛ a sukyerɛmma pii twa nkuraase nkurɔfoɔ firi Kashmir bɔnhwa no ho na atemperɛtɔ kɔ fam kɔsi -20C (-4F) ase – awɔ a ɛso ma apaepaeɛ paeɛ na ɛma diesel yɛ nkyene.
Nanso saa adeyɛ no reyera nkakrankakra. Bere a akwan atu mpɔn na mmerante ne mmabaa kɔ adwuma ne adesua no, mmusua kakraa bi na wɔsɔ amoa no mu. Wɔn so a ɛretew no mma asiane mma tete nnuan a wɔde sie kwan no nko ara so, na mmom ɛto mpotaka ahorow a ɛwɔ ɔman no mu ne nimdeɛ a ɛfa nea wɔsie no yie, nea ɛko tia poro, na ɛma wonya nnɔbae a wobetumi de wɔn ho ato so no nso so wɔ asiane mu.
“Bere a na meyɛ abɔfra no, na abusua biara wɔ amena abiɛsa anaa anan,” Begum ka. “Afei, wɔ bɔnhwa kɛse no mu no, wɔagyae saa adeyɛ no koraa. Mmusua kakraa bi na wɔda so ara de di dwuma. Wɔn a aka no tɔ fi gua so anaa nea aban no boa tua no bi.”
Begum suaa ɔkwan a wɔfa so kyerɛ aburoo a wɔsie no yie fi deɛ ɛporɔ anaa ɛfifi ntɛm dodo no ho fii ne maame hɔ. Ɔde reka akyerɛ ne babaa, nanso ɔnni awerɛhyɛmu sɛ saa adeyɛ no bɛtena hɔ akodu awoɔ ntoatoasoɔ foforɔ mu.
Gurez yɛ Himalaya bonhwa a ɛkorɔn a ɛda Line of Control, ɔhyeɛ a asraafoɔ pii wɔ so a ɛtew India- ne Pakistan-nniso Kashmir ntam, ho. Ɛbɛyɛ akwansin 80 (kilomita 125) fi Srinagar, bonhwa no da nyinaa wɔ awɔberɛ biara mu bere a sukyerɛmma to Razdan ɔkwan mu, ne ɔkwankɛse a ɛka ho no, a ɛda bɛyɛ mita 3,600 so.
Ɛyɛ Dard-Shin nkurɔfoɔ no fie, Indigenous mpɔtam a wɔka Shina na wɔwɔ amammerɛ a ɛyɛ soronko firi Kashmiri so, a mpɔtam no abusuabɔ tra ɔhyeɛ no kɔ Gilgit-Baltistan, a Pakistan na ɛhwɛ so.
Sɛnea Indian Council of Agricultural Research no National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBPGR), aban kuo a ɛhwehwɛ na ɛkora India nnɔbae ahorow so, nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔyɛɛ wɔ 2019 mu kyerɛ no, atoɔ yɛ bɛyɛ 45% wɔ Gurez asase a wɔdua so no. Nanso wɔntwaa bɔn no mu atoɔ no awosu ahorow ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a wɔahyehyɛ so.
Dr Sheikh M Sultan, ɔbenfo panyin a ɔte ICAR-NBPGR Srinagar baabi hɔ no, hwɛɛ bon no mu na akyiri yi na ɔbrɛɛ sɛ obenya nnɔbae ahorow bi a bere bi na wahyia no no bi. “Bere a edi kan a mekɔɔ hɔ no, mihuu nnɔbae ahorow pii,” ɔka. “Akyiri yi na mantumi anhu ebinom mpo nhwɛsode biako. Awosu mu nsonsonoe a ayera no yɛ kɛse.”
Sultan ka sɛ atutenten, akwan a wɔasiesie, ne abrabɔ a ɛresesa no na ɛde so a ɛresɛe no aba. Bere a tetea kua reyera no, nimdeɛ a ɛfa nnɔbae a wɔyi, dua ne sie a wɔde sie mpɔtam hɔ ahorow no nso yera.
“Sɛ nkurɔfo gyae sɛ wɔbɛyɛ wɔn ankasa aba na wɔfi ase de wɔn ho to adwadie aba so koraa a, adehwere no betumi ayɛ nea wɔrentumi nsiesie bio,” ɔka.
Ɔbɔ kɔkɔ sɛ nhwehwɛmu nnwumadibea ahorow taa de nnɔbae a wɔde aba no di kan sen amanne mu nnɔbae a wɔnnim wɔn su yiye. “Yɛn amanne mu nnɔbae ahorow betumi anya su ahorow a ɛsom bo, a nea ɛka ho ne sɛ wogyina awɔw ano na wɔko tia mmoawa ne nyarewa bi,” ɔka.
“Eyinom yɛ nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛsua na yɛma ɛyɛ papa, sen sɛ yɛbɛgyae mu.”
Wimu nsakrae a ɛresɛe no de nhyɛsoɔ reka akuafoɔ a wɔwɔ Himalaya mmepɔ no so ho. Nnipa a wɔwɔ Gurez bɔ amanneɛ sɛ nsutire a awo, sukyerɛmma a abɛyɛ kakraa bi, ne nsu a asa, a wɔka sɛ ɛde nkɛntɛnma a wɔyɛ no aba fam.
Abdul Jabbar Mapnoo, a wadi mfe 70, okuafo a ɔwɔ Chorwan, kae awɔw bere a sukyerɛmma bebree akata obon no so. " Na efie biara wɔ khraw abien anaa abiɛsa, a ebiara kura mmɔɔntoso anum – 500kg – ntoosi," ɔka. "Nsuwansuwa no reyow, na awɔw bere mu, sukyerɛmma sua. Ntoosi mu amma asɛe. Mekae awɔw bere a sukyerɛmma a ne tenten yɛ anammɔn asia katataa obon no so wɔ January anaa February."
Bere a kua ayɛ den na agua ho adwuma ayɛ mmerɛw no, afie no nni atitude pii sɛ wɔbɛyɛ wɔn ankasa nnɔe. Potato ahorow a wɔayɛ no sɛ ɛne wɔn mpɔtam mu tebea bɛhyia wɔ awo ntoatoaso pii mu no betumi ayera afi akuayɛ mu ansa na nhwehwɛmufo ahu nea ɛma ɛda nsow.
Dr Parveen Kumar, sayɛnsni a ɔwɔ Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, ka sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ wobu wɔn ani gu mmoaboa a wɔayɛ no yie wɔ beaeɛ no so. "Wim nsakrae yɛ nokware, na ɛsɛ sɛ akuafoɔ hunu akwan a wɔbɛfa so agyina ano," ɔka.
Nhyɛsoɔ a ɛda kuayɛ asase so de asiane foforɔ ba. Wɔ Gurez, baabi a kuayɛ asase sua no, Kishanganga hydroelectric adwuma no anya asase a ɛwɔ bɔnhwa no mu so nkɛntɛnso denam asasegyeɛ ne nsuyiri so. Mmeae a nkɛntɛnso aka wɔn no mu bi ne Badwan, akuraa a wɔnim wɔ wɔn atoaaba ho.
Ɔkwan baako a wobetumi afa so akora saa nnɔbae no ho ne sɛ wɔbɛfa ahemman mu nsɛnkyerɛnne so – nkyekyɛmu bi a UN Food and Agriculture Organization no de ma, na ɛte sɛ Frenkyifo appellation d’origine contrôlée . Wobetumi de adi dwuma wɔ nneɛma a ɛwɔ baabi pɔtee a efi na ɛwɔ su anaa din a ɛfa eyi ho – a ebetumi aboa ama gua so bo akɔ soro na ama wɔn din ada adi kɛse. Eyi, ne wiase nyinaa mu kuayɛ agyapade nhyehyɛe a ɛho hia no aboa mmeae te sɛ saffron a wodua wɔ Pampore asase a ɛwɔ Kashmir no.
Nanso, sɛ wobegye ato mu kɛkɛ no, ɛrenkora nnuaba ahorow no so. Ɛsɛ sɛ wohu wɔn na wɔkyerɛw wɔn ho nsɛm ansa na wɔayera afi akuayɛ mu, a akuafo nimdeɛ a ɛfa sɛnea wobeyi wɔn, akora wɔn so na wɔadua wɔn bio ho ka ho.
Wɔ Chorwan no, Begum yi atoe kotokuo a etwa toɔ no gu amena no mu na ɔkata so, ama awɔw bere foforo asiesie ne ho. Ebi bɛma n'abusua aduan; nkae no, wɔbɛsan adua wɔ osutɔbere mu. Sɛ wobehu atoe a wɔbɛdi ne nea wɔbɛkora sɛ aba no gyina nimdeɛ a wɔde ama awoɔntoatoaso pii no so.
Sɛ wɔantwerɛ saa nnɔbae ahorow yi ho nsɛm wɔ bere a wɔda so ara redua no a, ebia Kashmir bɛhwere kuayɛ adekorabea a ɛte ase ansa na nyansahufo betumi ate nea ɛwɔ mu ase koraa.
Hwehwɛ nkekaeɛ foforo a ɛfa age of extinction ho wɔ ha, na di biodiversity amanneɛbɔfoɔ Rebecca Ratcliffe, Phoebe Weston ne Patrick Greenfield akyi wɔ Guardian app no mu na woanya abɔdeɛ ho nkekaeɛ pii.
Comments · 0